所谓原产地域产品,是指“利用产自特定地域的原材料,按照传统工艺在特定地域内所生产的,质量、特色或者声誉在本质上取决于其原产地域地理特征并依照本规定经审核批准以原产地域进行命名的产品” 。
地理标志产品包括:
● 来自本地区的种植、养殖产品。
● 原材料全部来自本地区或部分来自其他地区,并在本地区按照特定工艺生产和加工的产品。
Ongzi, a zeal HORTICULTURIST,yet resides in a plant-free apartment…… thinks that plants deserved to be treated as LIVING THING, not merely as plants …… strongly condemns any form of CRUELTY TO PLANTS, yet enjoys feast on them…… collects only e-HERBARIUM, and proudly encourages others to do the same……
A fruit is the ripened ovary or ovaries. The fruits of a plant are responsible for dispersing the seeds that contain the embryo and protecting the seeds as well. In many occasions, the fruit incorporates some surrounding tissues, or is dispersed with some non-fruit tissues.
Type of fruit also determined by the position of ovary within a flower.
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I. A superior ovary is an ovary attached to the receptacle above the attachment of other floral parts. A flower with this arrangement called hypogynous.
Examples are drupes and true berries.
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II. A half-inferior ovary is called perigynous, is surrounded by receptacle, has nearly equal portions of ovary above and below the insertion point.
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III. An inferior ovary lies below the attachment of other floral parts. It is also called epigynous.
Examples are orchids, Fuchsia, Asteraceae, Cucurbitaceae, banana, some pomes type fruits
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Pollination is the process by which pollen is transferred in plants, thereby enabling fertilization and sexual reproduction.
Pollen may b transferred between plants via a number of vectors.
Anemophily is a form of pollination whereby pollen is distributed by wind. Eg. Grasses, conifers, sweet chestnuts, members of Juglandaceae family.
Hydrophily is a fairly uncommon form of pollination whereby pollen is distributed by the flower of waters. Eg. Posidonia australis, ribbonweed.
Entomophily is a form of pollination whereby pollen is distributed by insects, particularly bees, Lepidoptera, flies and beetles. Eg. Sunflower, orchid, cycad.
Melittophily refers to pollination by bees.
Cantharophily specifically refers to beetle pollination.
Myophily refers to pollination by flies feeds on nectar and pollen
Sapromyophily refers to pollination by flies attracted by plants emitting odoriferous scent.
Psycophily refers to pollination by butterflies.
Phaelaenophily refers to pollination by moths
Zoophily refers to pollination by vertebrates.
Ornithophily is the pollination of flowering plants by birds. Eg. Babiana ringens, Heliconiaceae, Costaceae, Zingiberaceae, Amaryllidaceae, Rubiaceae, Apocynaceae, Bromeliaceae, Gesneriaceae, Lobeliaceae, etc.
Chiropterophily specifically refers to bat pollination. Eg. Durios
Pollination can be accomplished by cross-pollination or by self-pollination :
Allogamy is a cross-pollination, occurs when pollen is delivered to a flower from a different plant. Allogamious plants normally have taller stamens than carpels.
Autogamy is self-pollination, when pollen from same flower is delivered.
Geitonogamy is self-pollination, when pollen from flower of same individual transferred to another flower.
These plants normally have similar stamen and carpel lengths.
Cleistogamy is self-pollination that occurs before flower opens. Eg. Peanut, peas, beans, grasses, Viola.
Chasmogamy refers to flowers that opens and exposes the stamens and styles to the environment. Thus encourage cross-pollination
Floral symmetry refers to whether, and how, a flower can be divided into 2 or more identical or mirror-image parts.

Most flowers are actinomorphic, meaning they can be divided into symmetrical halves by more than one longitudinal plane passing through the axis. Examples are flowers of Liliaceae, Ranunculaceae.
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However, some familiar and seemingly actinomorphic flowers, such as those from Asteraceae, are actually clusters of tiny zygomorphic flowers arranged into a radially symmetric inflorescence.
Peduncle = terminal offshoot of the stem or twig ; it first connects the flower, then the fruit, to the plant
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Receptacle = enlarged portion of the peduncle containing and supporting the other parts of the flower.
Sepal = usually green part of the flower that protects the flower’s internal structures ; it may fall after flowering occurs or remain until the fruit has ripened.
Calyx = part of the flower composed of all its sepals.
Petal = usually colourful and scented part of the flower that surrounds the male and female reproductive organs ; it often helps attract pollinators.
Corolla = part of the flower composed of all its petals
Pistil = each of the female floral organs at the flower’s center, consisting of an ovary, a stylus and a stigma.
Stigma = upper part of the female floral organ ( pistil ) that receives and holds pollen.
Style = cylindrical axis connecting the stigma to the ovary.
Ovary = hollow structure containing one or more ovules ; the fruit usually develops from it after fertilization.
Ovule = small rounded structure produced by the ovary and containing the female cell ; after fertilization, the seed develops from it.
Stamen = each of the male floral organs, consisting of a filament and an anther.
Anther = upper part of the male floral organ ( stamen ) that produces pollen grains ; at maturity, it splits to release them.
Filament = cylindrical axis connecting the anther to the rest of the flower