Showing posts with label flower. Show all posts
Showing posts with label flower. Show all posts

Saturday, 26 February 2022

中国地理标志产品 : 福建省 之 花卉

中国地理标志是中华人民共和国政府为保护源产地优质产品,而向经过有关部门认证的源产地产品颁发的产品地理标志。凡通过中国地理标志认证的产品,均可在其产品表面张贴中国地理标志图样。中国地理标志的认证机构主要是国家质量监督检验检疫总局。中国地理标识产品的保护,源于1999年推出的的原产地域产品保护制度。

所谓原产地域产品,是指“利用产自特定地域的原材料,按照传统工艺在特定地域内所生产的,质量、特色或者声誉在本质上取决于其原产地域地理特征并依照本规定经审核批准以原产地域进行命名的产品” 。

地理标志产品包括:
● 来自本地区的种植、养殖产品。
● 原材料全部来自本地区或部分来自其他地区,并在本地区按照特定工艺生产和加工的产品。

地理标志产品制度的实施,主要是为了保护地方特产和农民利益,打击假冒伪劣产品的泛滥。


平潭水仙花
平潭水仙花 Narcissus tazetta subsp. chinensis,福建省平潭县特产,2010年获批为中国国家地理标志产品。

平潭水仙花历经200多年的野化生存,平潭水仙花其特点:花球紧实敦圆,鳞茎外皮光滑饱满,叶片矮壮浓绿,花箭多,花味香,花姿美,花期长,抗逆性和可塑性强。

1978年,原是野生的水仙花经鉴定确认为中国水仙花品种之一,属单瓣玉玲珑种。1979年投入生产。2003年在美国春季花卉展销会上得到很高评价,自此走进国际花卉市场。2007年,平潭水仙花被纳入地理标志保护产品目录。

由于平潭四面环海,独特的气候、地理条件造就了平潭水仙的三大特色:首先是花期相对其他地区的水仙花长;其次是花蕾数量多,香味浓郁持久;第三是平潭水仙花株型矮壮、健美。因抗逆性强、病害少、抗倒伏和不哑花等特点而获得广大栽培者的赏识。



浦城桂花
浦城桂花Osmanthus fragrans,福建省南平市浦城县的特产,2010年获批为中国国家地理标志产品。

唐贞元初,就曾留下“才子夺桂”的美谈。浦城桂花特点:朵大瓣厚、艳丽如丹、清香袭人、甜而不腻,具有“瓣厚色艳、香甜不腻”的特性。

浦城桂花是传统特色农产品,品质优良,美誉于海内外,它朵大瓣厚、艳丽如丹、清香袭人、甜而不腻,具有“瓣厚色艳、香甜不腻”的特性,富含氨基酸及人体所需微量元素,集食用、保健、美容等为一身,浦城桂花当家品种是浦城丹桂,具有良好的观赏价值且花量极大,也是极佳的采花品种。

浦城是丹桂种质资源的原产地,据文献记载,栽培历史长达2200多年。长期以来,都是村民在门前屋后自发种植,制作自用的桂花茶。


Tuesday, 18 December 2012

Hibiscus sabdariffa - Roselle 洛神花


Roselle, is Hibiscus sabdariffa L., a species of annual flowering plant native to the tropics of Old World.  Some says its from Africa, others say its from India...  Something for sure, it has been long cultivated in both Africa and Asia. 

Roselle is called by many names in different parts of the world, among the prominent ones are : flor de Jamaica, sorrel, bissap, asam paya, 洛神花 ,etc.  

The generic name is derived from the Greek word  βίσκος ( hibískos ), which was the name Pedanius Dioscorides (ca. 40–90) gave to Althaea officinalis.

Besides being called Hibiscus sabdariffa, roselle too have other synonyms : Abelmoschus cruentus Bertol., H. cordofanus Turcz., H. digitatus Cav., H. fraternus L., H. inermis, H. palmatilobus Baill., Sabdariffa rubra Kostel., etc


Roselle can grow up to 3 m in height. 
Leaves green to red ; alternate ; glabrous ; long-petiolate ; palmately divided into 3 – 7 lobes ; serrate margins.
Flowers large ; pink with dark-red center.
Fruits ovoid capsules, encapsulated by fleshy red calyx.

Roselle is a hermaphroditic, pollinated by insects.
It is a short-day plant, flowering when day-length is less than 13.5 hour.
Propagation is by seeds
Several cultivars are known : ‘Arab’, ‘Archer’, ‘Rico’, ‘Victor’, ‘Terengganu’, ’UMKL-1’,  etc


Roselle had been used in traditional medicine as a diuretic, laxative, and treatment for cardiac and verve disease.
Calyces are used as food colorings, infused into drink, made into jams, etc.
Young leaves are consumed as greens.  Heated leaves are applied to cracks in feet.  Mashed leaves are used to treat wounds and sores.


Roselle is rich in anthocyanins and protocatechuic acid.  Small amounts of myrtiline, chrysanthenin and delphinidin are also present.
Dried calyces contains gossypetin, hibiscetine and sadaretine.
Seeds contant g-tocopherol.


Tuesday, 4 September 2012

Basic about Flower - Sexuality





Flower Sexuality



Plant Sexuality



































Population Sexuality





Tuesday, 30 June 2009

Basic about Flower - Ovary Position

A fruit is the ripened ovary or ovaries. The fruits of a plant are responsible for dispersing the seeds that contain the embryo and protecting the seeds as well. In many occasions, the fruit incorporates some surrounding tissues, or is dispersed with some non-fruit tissues.

Type of fruit also determined by the position of ovary within a flower.

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I. A superior ovary is an ovary attached to the receptacle above the attachment of other floral parts. A flower with this arrangement called hypogynous.

Examples are drupes and true berries.

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II. A half-inferior ovary is called perigynous, is surrounded by receptacle, has nearly equal portions of ovary above and below the insertion point.

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III. An inferior ovary lies below the attachment of other floral parts. It is also called epigynous.

Examples are orchids, Fuchsia, Asteraceae, Cucurbitaceae, banana, some pomes type fruits


Basic about Flower - Pollination

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Pollination is the process by which pollen is transferred in plants, thereby enabling fertilization and sexual reproduction.

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Pollen may b transferred between plants via a number of vectors.

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Anemophily is a form of pollination whereby pollen is distributed by wind. Eg. Grasses, conifers, sweet chestnuts, members of Juglandaceae family.

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Hydrophily is a fairly uncommon form of pollination whereby pollen is distributed by the flower of waters. Eg. Posidonia australis, ribbonweed.

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Entomophily is a form of pollination whereby pollen is distributed by insects, particularly bees, Lepidoptera, flies and beetles. Eg. Sunflower, orchid, cycad.

Melittophily refers to pollination by bees.

Cantharophily specifically refers to beetle pollination.

Myophily refers to pollination by flies feeds on nectar and pollen

Sapromyophily refers to pollination by flies attracted by plants emitting odoriferous scent.

Psycophily refers to pollination by butterflies.

Phaelaenophily refers to pollination by moths

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Zoophily refers to pollination by vertebrates.

Ornithophily is the pollination of flowering plants by birds. Eg. Babiana ringens, Heliconiaceae, Costaceae, Zingiberaceae, Amaryllidaceae, Rubiaceae, Apocynaceae, Bromeliaceae, Gesneriaceae, Lobeliaceae, etc.

Chiropterophily specifically refers to bat pollination. Eg. Durios

Pollination can be accomplished by cross-pollination or by self-pollination :

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Allogamy is a cross-pollination, occurs when pollen is delivered to a flower from a different plant. Allogamious plants normally have taller stamens than carpels.

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Autogamy is self-pollination, when pollen from same flower is delivered.

Geitonogamy is self-pollination, when pollen from flower of same individual transferred to another flower.

These plants normally have similar stamen and carpel lengths.

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Cleistogamy is self-pollination that occurs before flower opens. Eg. Peanut, peas, beans, grasses, Viola.

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Chasmogamy refers to flowers that opens and exposes the stamens and styles to the environment. Thus encourage cross-pollination


Basic about Flower - Symmetry

Floral symmetry refers to whether, and how, a flower can be divided into 2 or more identical or mirror-image parts.






Most flowers are actinomorphic, meaning they can be divided into symmetrical halves by more than one longitudinal plane passing through the axis. Examples are flowers of Liliaceae, Ranunculaceae.

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However, some familiar and seemingly actinomorphic flowers, such as those from Asteraceae, are actually clusters of tiny zygomorphic flowers arranged into a radially symmetric inflorescence.


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Zygomorphic flowers can be divided by only a single plane into 2 mirror-image halves. Examples are flowers of Zingiberales, Lamiales ( Scorphulariaceae, Gesneriaceae )

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Actinomorphic flowers are basal angiosperm character ; zygomorphic flowers are a derived character that has evolved many times.






Basic about Flower - Morphology



Peduncle = terminal offshoot of the stem or twig ; it first connects the flower, then the fruit, to the plant

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Receptacle = enlarged portion of the peduncle containing and supporting the other parts of the flower.

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Sepal = usually green part of the flower that protects the flower’s internal structures ; it may fall after flowering occurs or remain until the fruit has ripened.

Calyx = part of the flower composed of all its sepals.

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Petal = usually colourful and scented part of the flower that surrounds the male and female reproductive organs ; it often helps attract pollinators.

Corolla = part of the flower composed of all its petals

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Pistil = each of the female floral organs at the flower’s center, consisting of an ovary, a stylus and a stigma.

Stigma = upper part of the female floral organ ( pistil ) that receives and holds pollen.

Style = cylindrical axis connecting the stigma to the ovary.

Ovary = hollow structure containing one or more ovules ; the fruit usually develops from it after fertilization.

Ovule = small rounded structure produced by the ovary and containing the female cell ; after fertilization, the seed develops from it.

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Stamen = each of the male floral organs, consisting of a filament and an anther.

Anther = upper part of the male floral organ ( stamen ) that produces pollen grains ; at maturity, it splits to release them.

Filament = cylindrical axis connecting the anther to the rest of the flower