Basic about Flower - Pollination

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Pollination is the process by which pollen is transferred in plants, thereby enabling fertilization and sexual reproduction.

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Pollen may b transferred between plants via a number of vectors.

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Anemophily is a form of pollination whereby pollen is distributed by wind. Eg. Grasses, conifers, sweet chestnuts, members of Juglandaceae family.

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Hydrophily is a fairly uncommon form of pollination whereby pollen is distributed by the flower of waters. Eg. Posidonia australis, ribbonweed.

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Entomophily is a form of pollination whereby pollen is distributed by insects, particularly bees, Lepidoptera, flies and beetles. Eg. Sunflower, orchid, cycad.

Melittophily refers to pollination by bees.

Cantharophily specifically refers to beetle pollination.

Myophily refers to pollination by flies feeds on nectar and pollen

Sapromyophily refers to pollination by flies attracted by plants emitting odoriferous scent.

Psycophily refers to pollination by butterflies.

Phaelaenophily refers to pollination by moths

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Zoophily refers to pollination by vertebrates.

Ornithophily is the pollination of flowering plants by birds. Eg. Babiana ringens, Heliconiaceae, Costaceae, Zingiberaceae, Amaryllidaceae, Rubiaceae, Apocynaceae, Bromeliaceae, Gesneriaceae, Lobeliaceae, etc.

Chiropterophily specifically refers to bat pollination. Eg. Durios

Pollination can be accomplished by cross-pollination or by self-pollination :

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Allogamy is a cross-pollination, occurs when pollen is delivered to a flower from a different plant. Allogamious plants normally have taller stamens than carpels.

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Autogamy is self-pollination, when pollen from same flower is delivered.

Geitonogamy is self-pollination, when pollen from flower of same individual transferred to another flower.

These plants normally have similar stamen and carpel lengths.

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Cleistogamy is self-pollination that occurs before flower opens. Eg. Peanut, peas, beans, grasses, Viola.

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Chasmogamy refers to flowers that opens and exposes the stamens and styles to the environment. Thus encourage cross-pollination