Leaves
are borne on a stem in a definite fixed order, or phyllotaxy, according to
species . For identification purposes, leaves are classified according to type and shape, and types of margins , tips and
bases , and venation
.
Leaf
arrangement. (a) Helical (top view). (b) Helical with elongated internodes
(alternate). (c) Opposite (decussate). (d) Whorled (verticillate).
Leaf
types. (a) Simple. (b) Trifoliate. (c) Palmately compound. (d) Odd-pinnately
compound. (e) Even-pinnately compound. (f) Decompound.
Leaf shapes. (a) Linear. (b) Lanceolate. (c) Oblanceolate. (d)
Spatulate. (e) Ovate. (f) Obovate. (g) Elliptic. (h) Oblong. (i) Deltoid. (j)
Reniform. (k) Orbicular. (l) Peltate. (m) Perfoliate. (n) Connate.
Leaf
margins of various types. (a) Entire. (b) Serrate. (c) Serrulate. (d) Dentate.
(e) Denticulate. (f) Crenate. (g) Undulate. (h) Incised. (i) Pinnatifid. (j)
Dissected. (k) Lobed. (l) Cleft. (m) Parted.
Leaf tips
and bases. (a) Acuminate. (b) Acute. (c) Obtuse. (d) Truncate. (e) Emarginate.
(f) Mucronate. (g) Cuspidate. (h) Cuneate. (i) Oblique. (j) Cordate. (k) Auriculate.
(l) Sagittate. (m) Hastate. (n) Clasping.
Leaf
venation. (a) Dichotomous. (b) Pinnate reticulate. (c) Palmate reticulate. (d)
Parallel (expanded leaf). (e) Parallel (linear leaf).
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