Stenochlaena palustris - Miding

Miding is Stenochlaena palustris, a fern of the Blechnaceae family.

It is rhizomatous and epiphytic perennial, commonly found in fresh water and peat swamps, as well in secondary jungle.

The young frond tips, with or without open leaves are consumed as vegetable.  The frond colour varies from light green to dark green.  Red shaded leaves means malnutrition or unfavourable environment.

Stenochlaena palustris can be propagated from the spores.  Stem cutting with 4-6 nodes and some leaves are also used.  Rhizomatous stem can also be used.

Miding grows well on moist or irrigated soil.

It is very sensitive to herbicides.

Pests and diseases are not common, thus pesticides application is necessary.

Pruning of old fronds may promote new growth.

Passiflora foetida

Passiflora foetida is a species of passion flower native to the tropical New World.  It is also known as wild maracuja, santa papa, marya-marya, wild water lemon, stinking passion flower, love-n-a-mist, or running pop.   

The ‘Passion’ in passion flower refers to the passion of Christ, due to its unique physical structure of its flower.

The specific epithet foetida means ‘stinking’ in Latin, refers to the strong aroma emitted by damaged leaves.

It is a creeping vine.

The stems are tiny and wiry, covered with minute sticky yellow hairs.   Older stems become woody.

The leaves are three-lobed and viscid-hairy.  When crushed, the leaves give off a pungent odor for some people considered unpleasant.  

The flowers are white, about 5-6cm diameter.

Fruit s are edible, globose, covered by hairy sepals, 2-3cm diameter, yellowish-orangey to red when ripe.

Seeds are black, covered by whitish pulp

Floral @ Fraser's Hill

Poinsettia pulcherrima - Christmas flower 圣诞红

Hemerocallis sp - Daylily 金针花

Vitis sp - grape 葡萄

Tradescantia spathacea variegata - Moses-in-a-cradle

Spathiphyllum sp

Terrestrial Ecozone

An ecozone is the broadest biogeographic division of the Earth’s land surface, based on distributional patterns of terrestrial organisms.

Ecozone delineate areas of the Earth’s surface within which organism have been evolving in relative isolation over long periods of time, separated from one another by geographic features, such as oceans, deserts, mountain ranges, that constitute barriers to migration.

An ecozone may include a number of different biomes.  Yet similar biomes in different ecozones may be inhabited by plants and animals with very different evolutionary histories.

A bioregion is a geographic clusters of ecoregions that may span several habitat types, but have strong biogeographic affinities, particularly at taxonomic levels higher than the species level.

WWF scheme divides the Earth’s land surface into 8 ecozones, and further subdivides ecozones into bioregions :

Afrotropic	Sahel & Sudan
	Southern Arabian Woodlands
	Forest Zone
	East Africa Grassland & Savannas
	East Africa's Highlands
	Southern African Woodland, Savannas & Grasslands
	Dessert of Sourthern Africa
	Cape Floristic Region
	Madagascar & Indian Ocean Islands
Antarctic	Antartica
Australasia	Wallacea
	New Guinea & Melanesia
Indomalaya	India subcontinent
	Indochina
	Sunda Shelf & Philippines
Nearctic	Canadian Shield
	Eastern North America
	Northern Mexico
	Western North America
Neotropical	Amazonia
	Carribean
	Central America
	Central Andes
	Eastern South America
	Northern Andes
	Orinoco
	Southern South America
Oceania	Oceania
Palearctic	Euro-Siberian Region
	Mediterranean Basin
	Sahara & Arabian Desserts
	Western & Central Asia
	East Asia
	Freshwater

Solanum nigrum - Meranti

Sayur Meranti or ranti is Solanum nigrum, a short-lived perennial shrub of Solanaceae family, native to Eurasia.

Meranti has small white flowers with 5 lobed corolla, about 5mm-8mm in diameter, with yellow stamens.  Fruit is berry, green, about 6mm-8mm diameter turn black when ripens.  It is reported that there is a red fruits strain in India.

However, meranti can be confused with a variety of other related nightshades : Solanum americanum, Solanum ptycanthum, and Solanum villosum.   I myself cannot be really sure if the Meranti I encountered is really a Solanum nigrum.

S. nigrum is harvested for its berries and leaves.  It can be consumed raw as salad or cooked.



Solanum nigrum - Meranti's berries, leaves, and flowers



Solanum nigrum - cross section of a Meranti's berry, exposing its seeds

Melastoma malabatricum - Senduduk

Melastoma malabathricum is known as senduduk ( Malay ) or straits Rhododendron.  Together with some 50 other species, it is a member of the Melastomataceae family from S.E.Asia, India and Australia.

It is an evergreen shrub, up to 2 m tall.  

Grows well in most tropical habitat.  

Propagation via seeds.  Seeds dispersed by birds.

Stem with appressed scales.

Leaves ovate, hairy,  4-14cm length x 1.7-3.5cm width.

Flowers in clusters, produced at tip of shoots.  Petals reddish purple.

Fruit is a berry-like capsule with numerous seeds coated with red, sweet astringent pulp.

Seeds dimorphic, with and without embryo.  

Fertile seeds folded or spiral, triangular to D-shaped, 0.45-0.8m long x 0.35-0.5mm wide ; testa light yellow to dark cream coloured.  

Infertile seeds appear similar to fertile seeds but smaller, 0.3-0.5mm long x 0.2-0.3mm wide ; appeared collapsed, dented, or wringkled ; testa black or reddish-black.

Fruits is edible, sandy-feel taste, and stain the mouth and teeth dark-blued.  The fruits are also used to produce black dye. 

The roots are used to produce pink dye.

Due to its growth habit, it is regarded as noxious weed in many places.

However, regardless of its nuisance to human, it provides abundant food to birds, and other small mammals.  Its flowers attract butterflies, and its leaves host caterpillars.   

Flower, at full bloom

Matured fruit

Ripe fruit, cracked open

Fruit

References :

1. Federal Nozious Weed Disseminules of the U.S.

2. Encyclopedia of Life

3. Wikipedia

Jasmine is not Just Jasmine

Jasmine is a genus of shrubs and vines in the Oleaceae family, with about 200 species, native to tropical and warm temperate regions of the Old World. 

The most famous is probably Jasminum sambac, the Arabian jasmine.  Despite its English common name, J. sambac is not originally native to Arabia.  It was from South and S.E. Asia, and were spread into Arabia.  From there, they were introduced to Europe. 

Jasminum sambac

Family : Oleaceae

Common name : Arabian Jasmine, 茉莉花

Description : evergreen shrub, flower : white, fragrant, clusters, zygomorphic, multiple petals, full bloom at night

Origin : South Asia, S.E.Asia

Uses : ornamental, jasmine tea, national flowers of the Philippine & Indonesia, leis, corsages, crowns

The word 'jasmine' also loosely refers to many other flowers not of Jasminum genus or Oleaceae family.  

Cestrum nocturnum

Family : Solanaceae

Common name : Night-blooming Jasmine, lady of the Night, 夜来香，夜香木

Description : evergreen woody shrub, flower : greenish-white, cymose inflorescences, zygomorphic, tubular corolla 5 lobed, full bloom at night

Origin : tropical America

Uses : ornamental

Gardenia jasminoides

Family : Rubiaceae

Common name : Cape Jasmine, Common Gardenia, 栀子花

Description : evergreen woody shrub, flower : white, fragrant, solitary, zygomorphic, multiple petals

Origin : Asia

Uses : depicted in Chinese paintings, fruit for Chinese traditional medicine & dye, ornamental

Gelsemium sempervirens

Family : Gelsemiaceae

Common name : Yellow Jasmine, Carolina Jasmine, Evening Trumpet flower, Woodbine

Description : evergreen liana, flower : yellow, fragrant, clusters, zygomorphic, bell-shaped, corolla 5 lobed

Origin : tropical America

Uses : ornamental, toxic, state flower of South Carolina

Millingtonia hortensis

Family : Bignoniaceae

Common name : Tree Jasmine, Indian Cork Tree, 烟筒花

Description : evergreen tree, flower : white, fragrant, panicles, bisexual, zygomorphic, long tube, corolla 5 lobed

Origin : S.E.Asia

Uses : wood for timber, bark for cork, leaves for tobacco substitute

Nyctanthes arbor-tristis

Family : Oleaceae

Common name : Night Flowering Jasmine, Coral Jasmine

Description : evergreen shrub, flower : white with orange-red center, fragrant, cluster of 2-7, zygomorphic, 5-8 lobed, full bloom at night

Origin : Southern Asia

Uses : Ayurvedic medicine

Trachelospermum jasminoides

Family : Apocynaceae

Common name : Star Jasmine, Confederate Jasmine, Trader’s Compass, 络石 , 百花藤

Description : evergreen liana, flower : white, fragrant, clusters, zygomorphic, tube-liked, corolla 5 lobed

Origin : East Asia

Uses : ornamental